有机合成百科

Ojima内酰胺

概要

1981年开始,日本相模化学研究中心 (相模中央化学研究所, Sagami Chemical Research Center)的尾岛严 (尾島 巌,Ojima Iwao) 研究组进一步将不对称Staudinger烯酮-亚胺[2+2]环加成 (asymmetric Staudinger ketene-imine [2+2] cycloaddition) [1]-[4]及Staudinger不对称酯烯醇负离子-亚胺环缩合 (Staudinger asymmetric ester enolate-imine cyclocondensation) [5]-[7]应用于各种手性β-内酰胺类化合物的构建[1]-[7]

同时,该课题组发现手性β-内酰胺类化合物在各类氨基酸[4], [8]-[12]、肽类[13]-[17]、非蛋白类氨基酸[18]-[19]、taxoid抗肿瘤药[20]-[25]、含氮杂环[26]-[40]及其它生物活性物质的不对称合成[41]中均可作为十分重要的合成子及合成砌块,因此,文献中将相应的手性β-内酰胺称为Ojima内酰胺 (Ojima lactam),将以手性β-内酰胺为合成子的方法称为Ojima β-内酰胺合成子方法 (Ojima β-lactam synthon method, β-LSM) [42]

基本文献

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反应机理

参考文献

  • [1] F. P. Cossío, A. Arrieta, M. A. Sierra, Acc. Chem. Res. 2008, 41, 925. doi: 10.1021/ar800033j.
  • [2] F. P. Cossío, J. M. Ugalde, X. Lopez, B. Lecea, C. Palomo, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 995. doi: 10.1021/ja00056a026.
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  • [4] E. Martín-Zamora, A. Ferrete, J. M. Llera, J. M. Munõz, R. R. Pappalardo, R. Fernández, J. M. Lassaletta, Chem. Eur. J. 2004, 10, 6111. doi: 10.1002/chem.200400452.
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  • [6] I. Ojima, Habus, M. Zhao, M. Zucco, Y. Park, C. Sun, T. Brigaud, Tetrahedron, 1992, 48, 6985. doi: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)91210-4.

反应实例

氨基酸及其衍生物的合成[1]

杂环化合物的合成[2]

多胺、多氨基醇及醚多氨基醚的合成[3]

实验步骤

烯酮-亚胺[2+2]环加成

向圆底烧瓶中加入亚胺 (1 eq.),之后加入无水THF溶解 (维持底物浓度为0.4 M),随后,加入三乙胺 (3 eq.)。将上述混合物冷却至0 °C,随后滴加酰氯的无水THF溶液 (1.5eq., 酰氯浓度为2.5 M)。滴加结束后,升至室温,将上述反应混合物在室温下进行搅拌,直至反应结束。反应结束后,减压除去溶剂。将残余物通过二氯甲烷溶解,加入水进行洗涤,同时,继续加入二氯甲烷进行萃取。合并有机相,采用无水硫酸镁进行干燥。减压除去溶剂后,将粗产物通过快速柱色谱 (石油醚/乙酸乙酯 2:1 v/v 作为洗脱剂)分离纯化获得相应β-内酰胺产物。

烯醇负离子-亚胺环缩合

0 °C下,向二异丙胺的无水THF溶液 (浓度为0.05 M)中加入正丁基锂 (2.5 M正己烷溶液,与二异丙胺计量比为1:1)。维持0 °C,将上述均相混合物搅拌1 h,之后冷却至-78 °C。通过插管将酯底物的无水THF溶液 (1 eq., 底物浓度为0.04 M)滴加至上述原位生成的LDA (1.2 eq.)中,超过2 h后,滴加完毕。随后,将上述混合物冷却至-85 °C,再将亚胺的无水THF溶液 (1.3 eq., 底物浓度为0.05 M)滴加至上述反应体系中,超过3 h后,滴加完毕。将上述反应混合物升至室温,搅拌直至反应结束。反应结束后,加入饱和氯化铵溶液进行淬灭,淬灭完成后,加入乙醚进行萃取,将合并的有机相采用无水硫酸镁进行干燥,随后,减压除去溶剂。将粗产物通过硅胶柱色谱 (正己烷/乙酸乙酯 5:1 v/v 作为洗脱剂)分离纯化获得相应β-内酰胺产物。

参考文献

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