化学与生活

夏威夷州对防晒霜成分的统制

(CNN)夏威夷州长大卫·艾格(David Ige)在2018年7月3日签署了一项法案,该法案是禁止使用含有对珊瑚礁有害的成分的防晒霜的禁令。法令从2021年1月1日开始施行。这是第一次在美国颁布此类法律。

法案在今年5月份在夏威夷州议会上表决通过,在正式施行后、禁止销售含有羟苯甲酮和辛酸盐作为紫外线阻隔成分的市售防晒剂

参与起草法案的非营利性学术团体发布了、防晒霜成分中的羟苯甲酮和octinoxate,从海水浴客户的皮肤上,或者通过污水处理设施流入海水,引起了珊瑚白化现象和遗传损害,并最终杀死珊瑚的调查结果。

CNN.co.jp 2018.7.4

珊瑚的白化是全世界的一个问题,但原因尚不清楚。一些研究人员怀疑人类使用的防晒霜成分是引起珊瑚白化的原因。[1]根据这一观点为基础,夏威夷州行动起来了。珊瑚礁一旦被破坏将需要很长时间才能恢复原状,因此一旦有一定的科学依据,这种法令对策在某种程度上可能是不可避免的。

作为一个从事化学的研究人员,相信大家对什么样的成分被禁止了肯定抱有一定的好奇心。首先让我们来看一下oxybenzone和octinoxate这两个化合物。

oxybenzone能够吸收270-350 nm的光、可以吸收紫外线UVB和UVA。另外,octinoxate也能吸收280-320 nm的光、它主要吸收UVA。由于结构也相对简单,因此合成并不那么困难。因此该两种化合物已被广泛用作防晒剂的成分。然而,这些成分被认为是引起珊瑚白化的嫌疑。无论事情的真相如何,一旦有这样的法案提出,并且被通过,以后夏威夷必将针对该类问题进行更深入的措施。

小编出于好奇心,查看了下自家用的一款防晒霜的成分,如下

聚二甲基硅氧烷, 水, 氧化锌, 乙醇, 甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己酯, 滑石, 肉豆蔻酸异丙酯, 甲基丙烯酸甲酯交联聚合物, 环戊硅氧烷, 十二烷, 奥克立林, 氧化钛, PEG-9聚二甲基硅氧基乙基二甲基硅油, 二乙氨基羟基苯甲酰苯甲酸己酯, 甘油, 二异丙基癸二酸酯, (乙烯基聚二甲基硅氧烷/甲基硅氧烷倍半硅氧烷)交联聚合物, 二氧化硅, 糊精棕榈酸酯, 木糖醇, 三甲基硅烷氧基硅酸酯, 双乙基己氧基苯酚甲氧基苯基三嗪, PEG/PPG-14/7二甲醚, NaCl, 茶提取物, 樱花叶提取物, 大麻果实提取物, 乙酰透明质酸钠, Tormentilla根提取物, 芦荟叶提取物, 水溶性胶原蛋白, PPG-17, 三乙氧基辛基硅烷, 异硬脂酸, 二硬脂基二甲基氯化铵, 二硬脂二甲铵锂蒙脱石, 氢氧化铝, 硬脂酸, EDTA-3Na, BHT, 生育酚, 异丙醇, BG, 焦亚硫酸钠, 苯氧乙醇, 香料

由于该产品声称50%是护肤成分,因此许多成分与此案无关。其中,吸收紫外线的化合物、有4种(粗体表示)。从名字来看既不包括羟苯甲酮也不包括辛酸氧化物,所以乍一觉得这东西应该可以在夏威夷使用。

 

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然而,把结构式画出来后・・甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己酯、不就是Octinoxate么!此外,由于它出现在配料表的开头,应该是主要成分。这也就意味着,2021年以后,在夏威夷应该是属于禁用品之列。

下次的全球最大的化学学会Pacifichem将在2020年12月在夏威夷举办、那时候该法令虽然还没生效。。。但是谨以此文章来呼吁大家要注意从我做起,保护环境哈。

 

参考文献

    1. C. A. Downs, C. A.; Kramarsky-Winter, E.; Segal, R.; Fauth, J.; Knutson, S.; Bronstein, O.; Ciner, F. R.; Jeger, R.; Lichtenfeld, Y.; Woodley, C. M.; Pennington, P. Cadenas, K.; Kushmaro, A.; Loya, Y. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 70, 265 (2016). DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0227-7

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