本文投稿作者 七姑娘

“cooperate”和”collaborate”的意思比较接近，两者都能翻译成共同、协同、合作。然而两者也有意义上的重要区别，使用中不能将其随意置换

“collabrate”的意思中包含了”cooperate”的意思，而”cooperate”只能代表”collabrate”的一部分意义。

与“cooperate”单纯表示“合力”相对的，”collaborate”更着眼于这一合力的目标，表示“通过合作来催生某个结果”。

下面将列举动词”cooperate”和”collaborate”及相关名词”cooperation”和”collaboration”的使用范例：

(1) Thomas and Yamada have collaborated on several research projects.
(2) We are presently collaborating on three papers.
(3) Their collaboration produced important results.
(4) The patient did not cooperate with her physical therapist.
(5) Your cooperation in dealing with this problem is requested.
(6) The referee did not cooperate with the editor.

*名词”cooperation”和”collaboration”的区别与上文中所述动词的区别一致。

化学论文中”cooperate”和”collaborate”的使用例

cooperate

1. Moreover, LSD1 is part of the coREST complex and it cooperates with HDACs and chromatin readers within the complex to participate in a multistep process allowing the transi- tion from an active to a repressed state. DOI: 10.1038/nrd4154
2. According to the definition by P erez-Temprano, Caseras and Espinet the term bimetallic catalysis describes a situation in which two transition metals cooperate in a synthetic process and their actions are connected by a transmetallation step. DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20312j
3. The product has a Fe₃N₂ core, implying that three iron atoms cooperateto break the N-N triple bond through a six-electron reduction. DOI: 10.1126/science.1211906

collaborate

1. Global epigenetic alterations, including changes in histone acetylation and methylation, can lead to the silencing of key tumor suppressor genes andcollaborate with genetic muta- tions to promote tumorigenesis DOI: 10.1021/bi700664y
2. Currently, we – in collaboration with surface physicists – test these monomers in on-surface polymerization reactions to identify suitable conditions (temperature, type of surface, coverage, etc.). DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1317959
3. Furthermore, this reaction produced large quantities of 121 (performance is maintained on gram-scale), which allowed the examination of the biosynthesis of the cyclomarazine natural products (e.g. 122) in collaboration with the Moore group. DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00182a
4. Ultimately, a collaboration was established with Astex Therapeutics who had successfully crystallized apo-BACE-1 in a crystal form that allowed for fragment soaking. DOI: 10.1021/jm070829p

本文出自 Enago学术英语academy（日文版）